Signaling system.



110.717,?72. PATENTED JAN.6, 1903.-

. H. SHOEMAKER.

SIGNALING SYSTEM. APPLICATION FILED AUG. 19, 1902.

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UNITED STATES ATENT OFFICE.

HARRY SHOEMAKER, OFPHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO THE CONSOLIDATED WIRELESS TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE COMPANY AND MARIE V. GEHRING, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

SIGNALING SYSTEM.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 717,772, dated J anuary 6, 1 903.

Application filed August 19, 1902. Serial No. 120,173. (No model.)

T to whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, HARRY SHOEMAKER, a citizen of the United States, residing at Philadelphia, in the county of Philadelphia and 5 State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and useful Signaling System, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to signaling systems, more especially those in which the energy :0 representing the message or signal is of the electroradiant type and transmitted through the natural media.

More particularly it relates to a signaling system in which electromagnetic waves are r 5 employed and which at the receiving-stations are transformed into the energy of electric currents and in such transformed state produce magnetic elfects, in virtue of which a substance is caused to vary its resistance, and thereby control directly or indirectly a signal or recording circuit.

More specifically my invention relates to the employment in connection with materials having the property of changing their resistance when in a magnetic field, a magnetic field generated by a separate means and Whose purpose is to cause the material in its normal state to be of a resistance different from what it naturally is when not in a magnetic field. In other words, this material is normally under a strain and the received electromagnetic radiations or the like cause a variation of field, and therefore either increases or decreases the strain normally on such material, and thereby producing a considerable resistance change. The substances used for this purpose are bismuth, iron, or even copper, all of which manifest resistance changes when placed in amagnetic field. Bismuth is a preferable material, inasmuch as for a given field strength its resistance varies more than the other materials mentioned. It is to be understood, however, that other materials than those mentioned will serve the 5 purpose. The bismuth is coiled up either in a fiat spiral or in a solenoid and connected in such manner as to be influenced by oscillations received upon the receiving-conductor and placed in a magnetic field maintained by apermanent magnetorany equivalent means, such as an electromagnet.

Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure l is a diagrammatic View of the receiving-circuit, in which the bismuth or other material is wound into a fiat spiral and placed between the poles of the permanent magnet. Fig. 2 is another view of the same arrangement, showing more clearly the disposition of the magnet with relation to the bismuth or other material. Fig. 3 is a diagrammatic View showing the bismuth or other material Wound into a long solenoid and placed between the poles of a permanent magnet. Fig.

4 is a view taken so as to show the ends of the bismuth coil and to show clearly. its relation to the permanent magnets. Fig. 5 is a fragmentary view showing the flat spiral of copper or the like as used for the coils shown in Fig. 6. Fig. 6 shows an arrangement of ordinary copper coils, in the magnetic field of which is located a bismuth coil or spiral.

In Fig. 1, A represents the usual aerial receiving-conductor of a wireless signaling system, in series with which and the earth-plate E is the fiat spiral B, of bismuth or other material, having the property of changing its resistance when under the influence of a magnetic field.

As shown in Fig. 2, the spiral B is Hat and is shown edgewise and located between the limbs or poles of the permanent magnet M. The effect of this is to change the resistance of the bismuth or other material B from what it is when removed from magnetic field, and the material is, therefore, under a strain as normally used in the signaling system. Electroradiant energy impinging upon the aerial conductor A is in part transformed into oscillatory electric currents, which of thenr. 9o selves produce in the vicinity of the material B a magnetic field. In consequence the resistance of such material B is varied from what it normally is, due to the efiect of the permanent magnet M. The action is similar to that in an ordinary telephone-receiver in which a permanent magnet is used to keep the diaphragm normally under a strain. In

shunt to the spiral B is a telephone-receiver Tin circuit with a source of energy I) and the two choke-coils f f. The resistance of the bismuth spiral B is comparatively low, and in consequence the telephone-receiver T is ound so as to have low resistance, and there flows normally through such telephone -receiver considerable current from the source b. Any change of resistance of the spiral 13, however, causes a considerable variation in the ampere-turns of the coil of the telephonereceiver T and produces a click.

In Fig. 3 the bismuth or other material is wound into a long solenoid B and located between the poles of the permanent magnet M and which are seen in. the end of Fig. 3 and are marked, respectively, N S. The action here is similar to that in Fig. l, and in the local circuit are the choke-coilsff, telephonereceiver T, and the source of energy I). The object of winding the bismuth or other material into a long solenoid, as shown in Fig. 3, is to get as great a length of such material within the small space occupied by the magnetic field as possible.

In Fig. 6, A represents the usual aerial conductor, and in series with it and the earthplate E are two fiat spirals P P, which are shown in Fig. 6 in edge view. The side View of the coil P is shown in Fig. 5. In other words, P P are two fiat spiral conductors connected in series with the aerial conductor and earth. The received oscillations cause a manifestation of the magnetic field by means of these fiat coils P P, which are so connected as to aid each other to produce a magnetic field between them. In this magnetic field as generated by the coils P P is located a fiat spiral of bismuth B", which is in series with the telephone-receiver T and the source of energy Z). The coils P P operate to produce a varying magnetic field according to code-signals, and such variation of magnetic field is recorded by means of the resistance change of the bismuth coil 13.

I do not claim, broadly, herein a system for using bismuth or like material for recording signals, but have made such claims in my copending application, Serial No. 119,030, filed August 9, 1902.

YVhat I claim is- 1. In a signaling system the combination of means for maintaining a magnetic field, a material located Within such magnetic field and having the property of changing its resistance in virtue of change of strength of the magnetic field, means for varying the strength of such magnetic field in accordance with a signal to be sent, a circuit controlled by said material and means in said circuit to produce a signal.

2. In a signaling system, means for transforming energy of electroradiations into energy of electric currents, means for normally maintaining a magnetic field, a material located in such field and having the property of changing its resistance in virtue of the change of magnetic field, and means for changing the strength of such magnetic field in virtue of the existence of said currents.

3. In a signaling system, a wave-responsive device comprising material having the property of changing resistance in virtue of the change of magnetic field, means for maintaining a magnetic field about such material, and a local circuit controlled by said material.

4. In a signaling system, means for maintaining a magnetic field, a material located Within said field and having the property of changing its resistance in virtue of changes of magnetism, means for varying said magnetic field by and in accordance with transmitted signals, a circuit controlled by said material, and means in said circuit to produce a signal.

5. In a signaling system, means for maintaining a magnetic field, means for varying said magnetic field by and in accordance with transmitted signals, a material located within said field and having the property of changing its resistance in virtue of changes of said field, a circuit including said material, and means in said circuit to produce a signal due to the change of resistance of said circuit.

6. In a signaling system, a receiving-conductor, means for maintaining a magnetic field, means associated with said receivingconductor for varying said magnetic field, a material located in said field and having the property of changing its resistance according to change of magnetism, and a signal-producing means controlled by said material.

7. In a wireless signaling system, a receiving-circuit, means for maintaininga magnetic field, means associated with said receivingcircuit for varying said magnetic field in virtue of the received energy, a material located in said field and having the property of changing its resistance in virtue of change of magnetism, and a circuit controlled by said material.

8. In a Wireless signaling system, a receiving-circuit, means for maintaining a magnetic field, a continuous conductor associated with said receiving-circuit and having the property of changing its resistance in virtue of changes of magnetism, and a signal-producing circuit controlled by said continuous conductor.

9. In a wireless signaling system, means for maintaining a magnetic field, means for varying said magnetic field due to received energy, a material of low resistance located in said field and having the. property of changing its resistance in virtue of changes of magnetism, and a signal-recording circuit including said material, a source of energy of large current capacity, and a translating device of low resistance.

10. In a wireless signaling system, a receiving-circuit comprised in part of a spiral of material having the property of changing its resistance in virtue of changes of magnetism means for maintaining a magnetic field about said spiral, said spiral operating as means under the influence of the received energy for varying said magnetic field, and serving also to control a signal-producing circuit.

11. In a signaling system, a receiving-circuit, including a spiral of bismuth, means for maintaining a magnetic field in the vicinity of said bismuth, and a signal-producing circuit controlled by said bismuth.

12. In a signaling system, a wave-responsive device consisting of a material having the property of changing its resistance in virtue of changes of magnetism, and normally under magnetic stress.

13. In a Wireless signaling system, a waveresponsive device consisting of a material maintained at a resistance other than its normal by the influence of a magnetic field.

l-i. In a signaling system, a Wave-responsive device consisting of a material having the property of changing its resistance in virtue of changes of magnetism, and maintained at a resistance other than its normal by the influence of a magnetic field.

15. A wave-responsive device comprising a continuous conduct-or maintained at a resistance other than its normal by the influence of a magnetic field.

16. A Wave-responsive device comprising a continuous conductor of relatively large current-carrying capacity and maintained at a resistance other than its normal 'by the influence of a magnetic field.

17. A wave-responsive device comprising material maintained as to one of its electrical properties in a state other than its normal by the influence of a magnetic field.

18. A Wave-responsive device comprising bismuth maintained ata resistance other than its normal.

19. A wave-responsive device comprising bismuth maintained as to one of its properties in a state other than its normal.

20'. A wave-responsive device comprising bismuth maintained as to one of its electrical properties in a state other than its normal.

2].. A wave-responsive device comprising bismuth maintained as to one of its electrical properties in a state other than its normal by the influence of a magnetic field.

22. A wave-responsive device comprising a continuous conductor of bismuth maintained as to its. resistance in a state other than its normal by the influence of a magnetic field.

23. A wave-responsive device com prising a bismuth spiral maintained as to its resistance in a condition other than its normal.

24:. A wave-responsive device consisting of bismuth Wire maintained as to its resistance in a state other than its normal.

25. A wave-responsive device consisting of bismuth in a mass having relatively great current-carrying capacity and maintained as to an electrical property in a state other than its normal.

26. A Wave-responsive device comprising a conductor of bismuth having large currentcarrying capacity and maintained as to its resistance in a state other than its normal by the influence of a magnetic field.

27. In a signaling system, a wave-responsive device comprising a material maintained as to one of its properties in a condition other than its normal,and a signal-producing circuit controlled by said Wave-responsive device.

HARRY SHOEMAKER.

Witnesses:

JOHN CONNELL, ALICE T. Bunnouon. 

